Ultrasonic Acoustic Remote Sensing

Acoustic Sensing

Sound waves can be used to sense the environment. This technique has been developed in nature and in our technology.

In Nature

This technique is broadly coined by the term "Echolocation" to describe its variants in different species. Some examples:

• Bats
• Cetaceans (Whales & Dolphins)
• Shews

In Technology

This technique is employed by different types of technology, such as in SONAR or in Seismic Inversion.

• SONAR
• Seismic Inversion

Fundamental Principle & Additional Principles

The most basic principle behind this technique rely on round trip Time-Of-Flight (TOF) measurements of reflected sound waves. However, more complicated principles can be involved. For example:

• In Seismic Inversion (oversimplified), one considers a delayed response composed of multiple reflections of waves propagating through a geologic medium to reconstruct structural layers.
• In Echolocation, bats use Doppler Shifts to locate moving targets.

Project Overview

In this project, we will use sound to sense the environment. From the previous section, it is clear that

Tools

1. . Arduino UNO R3
2. . HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Emitter/Sensor

Distance Measurement

[image:Ultrasonic_Sensor_Connected_To_Arduino.jpeg]